Privacy Threats in E-Shopping (Position Paper)

The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29883-2_14E-shopping has grown considerably in the last years, providing customers with convenience, merchants with increased sales, and financial entities with an additional source of income. However, it may also be the source of serious threats to privacy. In this paper, we review the e-shopping process, discussing attacks or threats that have been analyzed in the literature for each of its stages. By showing that there exist threats to privacy in each of them, we argue our following position: “It is not enough to protect a single independent stage, as is usually done in privacy respectful proposals in this context. Rather, a complete solution is necessary spanning the overall process, dealing also with the required interconnections between stages.” Our overview also reflects the diverse types of information that e-shopping manages, and the benefits (e.g., such as loyalty programs and fraud prevention) that system providers extract from them. This also endorses the need for solutions that, while privacy preserving, do not limit or remove these benefits, if we want prevent all the participating entities from rejecting it.This work was supported by project S2013/ICE-3095-CM (CIBERDINE) of the Comunidad de Madrid and MINECO TIN2010-19607, TIN2012-30883, TIN2014-54580-R. The work of Seung Geol Choi was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research under Grant Number N0001415WX01232. The work of Moti Yung was done in part while visiting the Simons Institute for Theory of Computing, UC Berkeley. The work of Jesus Diaz was done in part while visiting the Network Security Lab at Columbia University

Hipersensibilidad a la picadura de mosquito manifestada como síndrome de Skeeter

Las reacciones por picaduras de mosquito son reacciones inmunoló- gicas con afectación de la hipersensibilidad mediada por IgE, IgG y linfocitos T. Éstas son frecuentes y van desde reacciones locales pe- queñas o grandes, hasta reacciones alérgicas sistémicas. El síndrome de Skeeter es una reacción inflamatoria local grande inducida por la picadura de mosquito, en ocasiones acompañada de síntomas sistémicos como fiebre y vómito. ABSTRACT The reactions to mosquito bites are immunological reactions with involvement of IgE, IgG and T cells mediated hypersensitivity. These reactions are common and range from small local reactions, large local reactions to systemic allergic reactions. Skeeter syndrome is defined as a large local induced inflammatory reaction to mosquito bite and sometimes accompanied by systemic symptoms such as fever and vomiting

Dual effect of RYGB on the entero-insular axis: How GLP-1 is enhanced by surgical duodenal exclusion

Background: The role of the ileum and Glucagon Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion in the pathophysiological processes underlying the effects of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) on type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) improvement has been previously determined. However, the roles of duodenal exclusion and Glucose Insulinotropic Peptide (GIP) secretion change is not clear. To clarify this aspect, we compared the pathophysiological mechanisms triggered by RYGB, which implies the early arrival of food to the ileum with duodenal exclusion, and through pre-duodenal ileal transposition (PdIT), with early arrival of food to the ileum but without duodenal exclusion, in a nondiabetic rodent model. Methods: We compared plasma and insulin, glucose (OGTT), GIP and GLP-1 plasma levels, ileal and duodenal GIP and GLP-1 tissue expression and beta-cell mass for n = 12 Sham-operated, n = 6 RYGB-operated, and n = 6 PdIT-operated Wistar rats. Results: No surgery induced changes in blood glucose levels after the OGTT. However, RYGB induced a significant and strong insulin response that increased less in PdIT animals. Increased beta-cell mass was found in RYGB and PdIT animals as well as similar GLP-1 secretion and GLP-1 intestinal expression. However, differential GIP secretion and GIP duodenal expression were found between RYGB and PdIT. Conclusion: The RYGB effect on glucose metabolism is mostly due to early ileal stimulation; however, duodenal exclusion potentiates the ileal response within RYGB effects through enhanced GIP secretio

Glycemic Variability and Its Association With Demographics and Lifestyles in a General Adult Population

Objective: The objective was to investigate glycemic variability indices in relation to demographic factors and common environmental lifestyles in a general adult population. Methods: The A Estrada Glycation and Inflammation Study is a cross-sectional study covering 1516 participants selected by sampling of the population aged 18 years and over. A subsample of 622 individuals participated in the Glycation project, which included continuous glucose monitoring procedures. Five glycemic variability indices were analyzed, that is, SD, MAGE, MAG, CONGA1, and MODD. Results: Participants had a mean age of 48 years, 62% were females, and 12% had been previously diagnosed with diabetes. In the population without diabetes, index distributions were not normal but skewed to the right. Distributional regression models that adjusted for age, gender, BMI, alcohol intake, smoking status, and physical activity confirmed that all indices were positively and independently associated with fasting glucose levels and negatively with heavy drinking. SD, MAGE, and CONGA1 were positively associated with aging, and MAG was negatively associated with BMI. None of the GVI studied were influenced by physical activity. Age-group-specific reference values are given for the indices. Conclusions: This study yielded age-specific reference values for glucose variability indices in a general adult population. Significant increases were observed with aging. Heavy drinking of more than 140 g/week was associated with significant decreases in variability indices. No differences were found between males and females. These normative ranges provide a guide for clinical care, and may offer an alternative treatment target among persons with diabetesThe author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This research project was supported by grants from Spain’s Carlos III Institute of Health (Instituto de Salud Carlos III/ISCIII) (PI11/02219 & PI13/02594) and the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER). PDV and MAS were supported by ISCIII Preventive Activity & Health Promotion Research Network (Red de Investigación en Actividades Preventivas y de Promoción de Salud/redIAPP) grants RD06/0018/0006 & RD12/0005/0007, respectively. CCS has been partially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MTM2015-69068-REDT)S

Experiencia del Sistema Nacional de Salud Mexicano en el desarrollo de guías de práctica clínica

ResumenAntecedentesLas guías de práctica clínica son herramientas que han demostrado hacer más racionales las decisiones en salud y disminuir la brecha entre la acción clínica y la evidencia científica.ObjetivoEl estudio tiene como objetivo compartir la experiencia en el desarrollo y actualización de guías por el Sistema Nacional de Salud de México.Material y métodosLa metodología en el desarrollo de guías consta de 5 fases: priorización, conformación de grupos de trabajo, desarrollo por adopción de guías internacionales o de novo, validación e integración en el Catálogo maestro de guías de práctica clínica para su difusión.ResultadosEl Catálogo maestro de guías de práctica clínica aloja 664 guías, distribuidas de la siguiente forma: 42% son de Medicina Interna, 22% de Cirugía, 24% de Pediatría y el 12% de Ginecología y Obstetricia. Del total de las guías, se da cobertura al 85% del Catálogo universal de servicios de salud, al 84% del Fondo de protección contra gastos catastróficos y al 61% del Seguro Médico Siglo XXI de la Comisión Nacional de Protección Social en Salud.DiscusiónEl resultado es la suma de un esfuerzo de coordinación y cooperación de las instituciones del Sistema Nacional de Salud, de las voluntades políticas y del compromiso de 3,477 profesionales de la salud que participan en el desarrollo y actualización de las guías.ConclusionesLa integración, difusión e implantación de las guías del Catálogo maestro mejora la calidad de la atención y seguridad de los usuarios del Sistema Nacional de Salud.AbstractBackgroundClinical practice guidelines are tools that have been able to streamline decisions made in health issues and to decrease the gap between clinical action and scientific evidence.ObjectiveThe objective of the study is to share the experience in the development and to update the guidelines by the National Health System of Mexico.Material and methodsThe methodology in the development of the guidelines consists of 5 phases: prioritisation, establishment of work groups, development by adoption of international guidelines of de novo, validation and integration in the Master catalogue of clinical practice guidelines for its dissemination.ResultsThe Master catalogue of clinical practice guidelines contains 664 guidelines, distributed in 42% Internal Medicine, 22% Surgery, 24% Pediatrics and 12% Gynecology. From the total of guidelines coverage is granted at an 85% of the Universal catalogue of health services, an 84% of the Catastrophic expenses protection fund and a 61% of the XXI Century Medical Insurance of the National Commission of Social Protection in Health.DiscussionThe result is the sum of a great effort of coordination and cooperation between the institutions of the National Health System, political wills and a commitment of 3,477 health professionals that participate in guidelines’ development and update.ConclusionMaster catalogue guidelines’ integration, diffusion and implantation improve quality of attention and security of the users of the National Health System

Assessment of PaO2/FiO2 for stratification of patients with moderate and severe acute respiratory distress syndrome

Objectives: A recent update of the definition of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) proposed an empirical classification based on ratio of arterial partial pressure of oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen (PaO2/FiO2) at ARDS onset. Since the proposal did not mandate PaO2/FiO2 calculation under standardised ventilator settings (SVS), we hypothesised that a stratification based on baseline PaO2/FiO2 would not provide accurate assessment of lung injury severity. Design: A prospective, multicentre, observational study. Setting: A network of teaching hospitals. Participants: 478 patients with eligible criteria for moderate (100300). Primary and secondary outcomes Group severity and hospital mortality. Results: At ARDS onset, 173 patients had a PaO2/FiO2≤100 but only 38.7% met criteria for severe ARDS at 24 h under SVS. When assessed under SVS, 61.3% of patients with severe ARDS were reclassified as moderate, mild and non-ARDS, while lung severity and hospital mortality changed markedly with every PaO2/FiO2 category (p<0.000001). Our model of risk stratification outperformed the stratification using baseline PaO2/FiO2 and non-standardised PaO2/FiO2 at 24 h, when analysed by the predictive receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve: area under the ROC curve for stratification at baseline was 0.583 (95% CI 0.525 to 0.636), 0.605 (95% CI 0.552 to 0.658) at 24 h without SVS and 0.693 (95% CI 0.645 to 0.742) at 24 h under SVS (p<0.000001). Conclusions: Our findings support the need for patient assessment under SVS at 24 h after ARDS onset to assess disease severity, and have implications for the diagnosis and management of ARDS patients. Trial registration numbers NCT00435110 and NCT00736892

Direct endonasal approach with partial upper posterior septectomy. a “rescue flap” technique modification

Objective Report a modification of the “rescue flap” technique using a direct endonasal approach with a partial superior septectomy for approaching pituitary tumors developed in our institution. Design Prospective study. Setting Hospital Universitario “Dr. José Eleuterio González,” Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León. Main Outcome Measures Since April 2015, we have performed 19 cases employing a direct endonasal approach with partial superior septectomy. Results and a technical note are described below. Results Nineteen patients were included in this report. Six patients presented transoperatory cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak, so a nasoseptal rescue flap was harvested. No patients developed postoperative CSF leak in this group. Two patients were submitted to a second surgical procedure. Nasoseptal flap was harvested without complications. In both patients, the size of the flap was enough to cover the dural defect and avoid CSF leak. Conclusion Direct endonasal approach with a partial posterior septectomy allows enough exposition of the sphenoidal sinus while preserving the nasoseptal septum with the possibility of a successful rescue flap when needed

Seroprevalencia de Trypanosoma cruzi en niños de Veracruz, México: línea de base epidemiológica para un modelo de control fundamentado en la transmisión activa de la enfermedad de Chagas

Introduction. In 2021 the Ministry of Health of Mexico and the Pan American Health Organization launched an initiative to interrupt intra-domiciliary vector transmission of Chagas Disease (CD), based on knowledge of the prevalence of this disease in children. The Mexican State of Veracruz was the leading of this initiative.Objective. To estimate the seroprevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi infection among children under 15 years of age from rural areas of Veracruz, Mexico.Materials and methods. Eight priority localities from the Municipality of Tempoal, Veracruz, were identified for baseline serology. Blood samples were collected on filter paperfrom 817 individuals (June-August 2017) for screening using a third-generation enzyme immunoassay. Reactive cases were confirmed by indirect hemagglutination (HAI), Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) tests with peripheral blood serum samples. Seroprevalence and its 95% confidence interval (95% C.I.) were calculated.. Results. In the localities Citlaltepetl, Cornizuelo, Cruz de Palma y Rancho Nuevo, CD cases were confirmed in children under 15 years of age with a seroprevalence of 1,9% (95% C.I.: 1,12-3,16%). Conclusions. These results indicate that these communities present recent transmission of CD and allow establishing an epidemiological baseline for the design and implementation of a model based on activities focused on geographic areas with active transmission to advance towards the elimination of intra-domiciliary vector transmission of CD in Mexico.Introducción. En 2021 la Secretaría de Salud de México y la Organización Panamericana de la Salud lanzaron una iniciativa para la interrupción de la transmisión vectorial intradomiciliaria de la enfermedad de Chagas (EC), fundamentada en el conocimiento de la prevalencia de esta enfermedad en población infantil. El estado mexicano de Veracruz fue punta de lanza de esta iniciativa.Objetivo. Estimar la seroprevalencia de infección por Trypanosoma cruzi en menores de 15 años de localidades rurales de Veracruz, México.Materiales y métodos. Se identificaron 8 localidades prioritarias para la serología basal en el municipio de Tempoal, Veracruz. Se colectaron muestra de sangre en papel filtro de 817 individuos (junio-agosto de 2017) para su tamizaje usando un inmunoensayo enzimático de tercera generación. Los casos reactivos del tamizaje se confirmaron mediante pruebas de hemaglutinación indirecta (HAI), ensayo por inmunoabsorción ligado a enzimas (ELISA) e inmunofluorescencia indirecta (IFI) en muestras de suero colectadas en tubo. Se calculó la seroprevalencia y su intervalo de confianza del 95% (I.C. 95%).Resultados. En las localidades Citlaltépetl, Cornizuelo, Cruz de Palma y Rancho Nuevo se confirmaron casos de la EC en menores de 15 años con una seroprevalencia de 1,9% (I.C. 95%: 1,12-3,16%).Conclusiones. Los resultados indican que estas comunidades presentan transmisión reciente de la EC y permiten establecer una línea de base epidemiológica para el diseño e implementación de un modelo fundamentado en acciones dirigidas a áreas geográficas con transmisión activa para avanzar hacia la eliminación de transmisión vectorial intradomiciliar de la EC en México

Declaración de Chinchón: decálogo sobre eldulcorantes sin y bajos en calorías (ESBC)

Multidisciplinary experts in the areas of nutrition and health met in Chinchón, Madrid, on November 25-26, 2013 under the auspices of the Fundación para la Investigación Nutricional (Nutrition Research Foundation) and with the collaboration of the Madrid Regional Government’s Health Ministry, the International Sweeteners Association and the Carlos III Health Institute CIBER of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition. They analyzed the current status of scientific knowledge on low- and no-calorie sweeteners (LNCS) and developed a consensus Decalogue on their use; this constitutes the Chinchón Declaration. Sweeteners, including sugar, represent a subject of undeniable interest and are currently a popular topic, although areas relating to their safety and benefits remain unknown to segments of academia and the general public. The nature of LNCS makes them vulnerable to biased and even contradictory information. They are food additives that are broadly used as sugar substitutes to sweeten foods, medicines and food supplements when non-nutritional or non-caloric alternatives are needed. The Chinchón Decalogue is the outcome of a meeting for reflection and consensus by a group of experts with backgrounds in different scientific disciplines (toxicology, clinical nutrition, community nutrition, physiology, food science, public health, pediatrics, endocrinology and nutrition, nursing, pharmaceutical care and food legislation). The Decalogue includes different aspects of LNCS related to regulation, use, benefits and safety. In general, benefits of LNCS have been traditionally neglected in comparison with the tendency for emphasising unexisting or unproven possible risks. The need to strengthen research on LNCS in Spain was emphasized, as well as the need to educate both professionals and the publicExpertos de carácter multidisciplinar de las áreas de conocimiento de la nutrición y la salud reunidos en Chinchón, Madrid, los días 25 y 26 de noviembre de 2013 , bajo los auspicios de la Fundación para la Investigación Nutricional y con la colaboración de la Consejería de Sanidad del Gobierno de la Comunidad de Madrid, la International Sweeteners Association y el CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición del Instituto de Salud Carlos III, analizaron el estado actual del conocimiento científico en torno a los Edulcorantes sin y bajos en calorías (ESBC) y desarrollaron un Decálogo sobre su uso que constituye la Declaración de Chinchón. Los edulcorantes, incluido el azúcar, constituyen un elemento de indudable interés y actualidad, aunque no exento de desconocimiento por algunos sectores tanto académicos como de la población en general. La propia naturaleza de los ESBC los hace susceptibles de informaciones tergiversadas e incluso contradictorias. Son aditivos alimentarios ampliamente utilizados como sustitutivos del azúcar para endulzar alimentos, medicamentos y complementos alimenticios cuando se persiguen fines no nutritivos. El Decálogo de Chinchón es fruto de una reunión de reflexión y consenso por parte de un grupo de expertos procedentes de distintas disciplinas científicas (toxicología, nutrición clínica, nutrición comunitaria, fisiología, bromatología, salud pública, atención primaria, pediatría, endocrinología y nutrición, enfermería, atención farmacéutica y legislación alimentaria). El decálogo incluye diferentes aspectos de los EBSC relacionados con la legislación, uso, beneficios y seguridad. En general, los beneficios de los EBSC han sido tradicionalmente desatendidos en comparación con la tendencia de destacar posibles riesgos inexistentes o que no han sido probados. Hace especial hincapié en la necesidad de fortalecer la investigación de los EBSC en España, así como la necesidad de formar en este ámbito a los profesionales y a los consumidores en genera

La necrópolis de Los Collados de Almedinilla (Córdoba). Historiografía de un cementerio complejo

The excavations in the Necropolis of Los Collados, carried out by Luis Maraver y Alfaro in the second half of the 19th century, and afterwards, those done by Pierre Paris and Arthur Engels at the beginning of the 20th century, serve to define archeologically that which would be considered Iberian culture. Since then, apart from a few reviews of materials, this site has been forgotten to the point that its exact location was unknown to researchers. It was because of this that prospecting work and excavation were carried out in May and July 2019 that allowed archeologists to locate the necropolis and recover various tombs and ritual deposits. In this work we present the preliminary results of both interventions